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Computer Architecture

                      Fig: Block Diagram of Computer

1. Data:

Data is a collection of row, object or facts that be recorded and that have some impact meaning. It can be number, letter word symbols, image, document, video etc. 

2. Input Devices:

This is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system. The example of input devices are keyboard, mouse, joystick, lighten, scanner, etc. Read more

  • Keyboard: The most common popular input device is keyboard. The keyboard helps in input the data to the computer. The layout of keyboard is like that of traditional type-writer, although three are some additional keys provided for performing some additional function.

  • Mouse: Mouse is a most popular pointing device. Generally it has two buttons left and right and scroll bar is present at the mid.

  • Joystick: It is also a pointing device which is used to more cursor on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at it's both lower  and upper end.

3. Storage Devices : 

The process of saving data and instruction temporally or permanently is known as storage devices . There are mainly two types of storage device which are given bellow:

  • Primary Storage Device: Primary storage device holds only those data and instruction on which computer is currently working. It has a limited capacity and data get cost when power is switch off. This memory are not as fast as register. It is subcategory RAM and ROM. Read more

  • Secondary Storage Device: This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than main memory. This are used for storing data/information permanently. CPU directly does not access this memory instead they are access via input/output routing. Example: Disk, CD-ROM, DVD etc. Read more

4. Central Processing Unit :

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is also called central processor. It is often referred to as the brain of the computer and CPU as a very efficient calculator. It process all instructions received by software running on the PC and by other hardware components.

5. Control Unit (CU) :

The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU). It control unit extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them. It directs the follow of data between the CPU and the other devices.

6. Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) :

An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a digital circuit inside the processor that handles arithmetic and logical operations by loading data from input registers. Most of the operations of a CPU are performed by one or more ALUs, which load data from input registers.

7. Output device :

This is the process of producing result from the data or getting information. similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given human readable format. For example : Monitor, printer, speaker etc. Read more

  • Monitor : It is commonly called as virtual display unit. It form images from ting dots called pixels that are arrange in a rectangular form.
  • Printer : Printer is most important output devices which is used to print information on paper.
  • Speaker & Sound Card : Computer need both a sound card and speaker to hear audio such as music, speech and sound effect. Most motherboard provide a onboard soundcard. The basic function of sound card are it convert digital sound signal to analog for speaker making it louder or softer for speaker.


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