Introduce character set and apply it

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In computing, a character set is a collection of characters that can be used in a particular programming language or text encoding system. A character set defines the set of letters, digits, punctuation marks, and other symbols that can be used to represent text in a give context.

One of the most common character sets used in computing is ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), which includes a set of 128 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and control characters.

In C programming, character sets are important because they define the set of characters that can be used to write C code, as well as the set of characters that can be input and output by C programs. C users ASCII as its default character set, but it also supports extended character sets such as Unicode.

Here's an example of how character sets can be used in C programming;

#include <stdio.h> int main() { char message[] = "Hello, world!"; // Define a character array printf("%s\n", message); // Output the message to the console return 0; }

In this example, we use the ASCII character set to define a character array called "message" that contains the string "Hello, world!". We then use the "printf" function to output the message to the console.

C also provides a set of standard functions for working with character sets, including functions for converting characters between upper and lowercase, comparing strings, and searching for characters in a string. These functions can be used to manipulate and process text data in C programs. 

Overall, character sets are an important concept in computing and programming and understanding them is crucial for writing programs that handle text data.