State the features and structure of C language.

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C language is a general-purpose programming language that was originally developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It is a high-level language that provides low-level access to memory and other system resources, making it ideal for systems programming and other low-level tasks.

Features of C language:

1. Simple and efficient: C language is a simple and efficient language that can be easily learned and used by beginners. It has a small set of keywords and constructs, which makes it easy to understand and use.
2. Structured programming: C language supports structured programming, which allows programmers to break down programs into smaller, more manageable pieces. This makes programs easier to understand and maintain.
3. Portable: C language is a portable language, which means that it can be used on different platforms without modification. This makes it a popular choice for systems programming and other applications that require portability.
4. Low-level access: C language provides low-level access to memory and other system resources, which makes it ideal for systems programming and other low-level tasks.
5. Extensible: C language is an extensible language that allows programmers to add new features and functions to the language as needed.

Structure of C language:

The structure of a C program consists of the following components:

1. Header Files: Header files are included at the beginning of a C program and contain preprocessor directives and function prototypes.
2. Main function: The main function is the entry point of a C program and contains the main code that is executed when the program runs.
3. Variables: Variables are used to store data in a C program. They are declared and initialized before they are used in the program.
4. Functions: Functions are used to perform specific tasks in a C program. They are defined before they are used and can be called multiple times from different parts of the program.
5. Control structures: Control structures are used to control the flow of a C program. They include if-else statements, loops and switch statements.
6. Operators: Operators are used to perform operations on variables and data in a C program. They include arithmetic operators, logical operators and bitwise operators.

In summary, C language is a simple, efficient and portable language that provides low-level access to memory and other system resources. Its structure includes header files, a main function, variables, functions, control structures and operators.