Introduce and explain microprocessor and bus system.

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A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that services as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It is a programmable device that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data stored in memory and communicates with other components of a computer to execute instructions and run software applications.

The microprocessor is the brain of a computer and its performance, speed and features determine the overall computing power of a system. Some of the key characteristics of a microprocessor include clock speed, number of cores, cache size, instruction set and architecture.

The bus system, on the other hand, is a communication pathway that allows different components of a computer to exchange data and instructions. It is a set of parallel wires that transmit signals between the CPU, memory, input/output devices and other peripheral components.

There are three main types of buses in a computer system:

1. Address Bus: This is a unidirectional bus that carries memory addresses from the CPU to memory and other peripheral devices. The width of the address bus determines the maximum amount of memory that can be addressed by the CPU.
2. Data Bus: This is a bidirectional bus that carries data between the CPU, memory and input/output devices. The width of the data bus determines the maximum amount of data that can be transferred between different components.
3. Control Bus: This is a bidirectional bus that carries control signals between the CPU and other components, such as interrupt requests, clock signals, and reset signals.

The bus system enables the different components of a computer to communicate with each other and work together to perform various tasks. It provides a standard interface that allows hardware and software components to be easily interconnected and integrated, and it plays a critical role in the overall performance and functionality of a computer system.