Components of Computer System

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The component of computer system are given bellow:

Processors

• The processor or the CPU is the main component of the computer.
• Select a processor based on factors like its speed, performance, reliability and motherboard support.
• Pentium Pro, Pentium 2 and Pentium 4 are some of the processor.

Motherboard

• Motherboard is the hub, which is used to connect all the essential component of a computer.
• It is a large Printed Circuit Board (PCB), having many chip, connectors and other electronics mounted on it.
• The motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, interfaces and sockets, etc.

BIOS

• The BIOS contain the instructions for the starting up of the computer. 
• It performs a Power On Self  Test (POST) that check that the hardware is functioning properly and the hardware device are present.
• It check whether the operating system is present on the hardware drive.

Power Supply

A Power Supply Unit (PSU) is a hardware device that converts AC electricity into DC electricity and then distributes it to the rest of the computer. On a standard desktop computer, the PSU is where the power cord plugs into and usually has an I/O power switch on it.

Fan and Heat sink or cooling

A heat sink and fan (HSF) is an active cooling solution used to cool down integrated circuits in computer systems, commonly the central processing unit (CPU).  Without it, the processor could easily overheat and become damaged.

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk (HD) consists of one or more platters divided into concentric tracks and sectors. It can be read by a read/write head that pivots across the rotating disk.

• SATA : SATA stand for 'Serial Advance Technology Attachment' or 'Serial ATA'. They are used for connecting host bus adapters for example the computer to mass storage devices such as hard drives. SATA cables are thin and long and includes 7-pins. They are now being used on most new computers.
• IDE : IDE stand for 'Integrated drive Electronics'. This is a type of connection which is used to connect an optical drive and hard drive together as well as connecting them to the motherboard. Since the IDE was discovered it's capacity has massively increased from 20MB to 2TB.
• EIDE : EIDE stands for 'Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics'. It makes the computer and the storage driver have a standard electronic communication. It also allows for faster access to the hard drive.
• Master/Slave : The master drive responses to the commands and controls the salve drive. It's considered as the first drive and the slave drive is referred to as the second drive. As the slave drive controls the other devices. 

Ports

The I/O ports are the external interfaces that are used to connect input and output devices like printer, modem and joystick to the computer.

• Parallel Port : A parallel port is an interface for connecting eight or more data wires.
• The data flows through the eight wires simultaneously. 
• They can transmit eight bits of data in parallel.
• As a result, parallel ports provide high speed data transmission. Parallel port is used to connect printer to the computer. 
• Serial Port : A serial port transmits one bit of data through a single wire.
• Since data is transmitted serially a single bits, serial port provide slow speed data transmission.
• Serial port is used to connect external modems, plotters, barcode reader etc.
• Data travels at 115 kilobits per second.
• USB Port : Nowadays, USB is common and popular external port available with computers.
• Normally, two or four USB ports are provided on a PC.
• USB allows different devices to be connected to the computer without requiring re-boot of the computer.
• USB was introduce in 1997.

Internal memory

Primary memory is also called internal memory. It  is the main memory of computer. It is a chip mounted on the motherboard of computer. Primary memory are categorized into two main types:

• Random Access Memory (RAM) : 
• Ram is used to store data and instruction during the operation of computer.
• When the power is on, again, all files that are required by the CPU are loaded from the hard disk to RAM.
• RAM is volatile memory.
• RAM can be read from and written to with same speed.
  

• Read Only Memory (ROM) :
• Rom is a non-volatile primary memory.
• It does not lose its content when the power is switched off.
• ROM stores the data needed for the start up of the computer. 
• The instruction that are required for initializing the devices attached to a computer are stored in ROM.
  

Specialized cards

Specialized cards can be added to a system. There are network cards, TV tuner cards and graphics card. A graphics card is a component that deals with the graphics on the screen. Its job is to generate all of the images and the text on the screen. It makes the text and images out of tiny little dots called pixels. Network cards allow an your computer to connect to a network. You can get wireless and wired network cards. Wired network cards need an Ethernet cable to connect to the internet, whereas a wireless and wired network card doesn't. TV tuner cards allow your computer to receive television signal. Some TV turner cards have a video capture function so that they can also record TV programmed.