Introduce Linux, UNIX and Linux distribution.

Linux

Linux is an open source operating system. The term Linux is actually referred to mean a kernel of Unix like operating system developed by a Finish software architect Linus Torvald. The name Linux is derived from Linus' Unix. Linux was originated from the inspiration of a small Unix like operating system MINIX by A.S Tanenbum.

Linux is a complete multiuser, multiprocessing, secure and stable operating system which is also considered as UNIX clone. However no code from the proprietary from AT and T is included in Unix. It has flavor of Unix but is not Unix.

UNIX

UNIX is a layered operating system. The innermost layer is the hardware that provides the service for the OS. The operating system, referred to in UNIX as the kernel, interacts directly with the hardware and provides the services to the user program. These user programs don't need to know anything about the hardware. They just need to know how to interact with the kernel and it's up to the kernel to provide the desired service. One of the Big appeals of UNIX to programmers has been that most well written user programs are independent of the underlying hardware, making them readily portable to new systems.

UNIX is a multiuser, multitasking operating system. We can have many user logged into a system simultaneously, each running many programs. It's the kernel's job to keep each process and user separate and to regulate access to system hardware, including CPU, memory, disk and other I/O devices.

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